How many times should Karel turn left in order to turn right?

To turn right, Karel needs to make a 90-degree turn to the right. However, in Karel programming, turning right is not a direct command. Instead, Karel can only turn left. Since one left turn rotates Karel 90 degrees counterclockwise, he would need to perform multiple left turns to achieve a right turn.

Karel effectively makes a right turn by turning left three times. The first left turn will point Karel to the left of his original direction, the second will point him backward, and the third left turn will finally position him to the right of his original direction. This establishes that to complete a right turn using only left turns, Karel must turn left three times.

This understanding illustrates the unique mechanics of Karel’s movement commands and reinforces the idea that knowing the relationship between left and right turns is crucial in programming Karel effectively.