In the context of programming, what does a precondition specify?

A precondition specifies the state that must be met before executing a function. It defines the conditions or requirements that need to be satisfied in order for the function to operate correctly. This helps in ensuring that the function will perform as intended by clearly outlining necessary input values, variables, or specific conditions that must exist prior to the function's execution.

For example, if a function requires a non-empty list as input, then the precondition would state that the list must not be empty before the function is called. By adhering to these preconditions, programmers can avoid errors and ensure that functions operate under the right circumstances, leading to more reliable and maintainable code.