What role does the function "turnLeft();" serve in Karel's actions?

The function "turnLeft();" is specifically designed to change Karel's orientation by 90 degrees to the left. When invoked, it allows Karel to adjust its direction without moving from its current position. This is critical in navigating the environment effectively, as Karel can only move forward in the direction it is currently facing. With the ability to turn left, Karel can explore new paths and encounter different items in its surroundings.

When Karel executes "turnLeft();", it retains its position but alters its facing direction, enabling it to make more complex maneuvers. This is essential for programming Karel to efficiently reach goal locations or interact with obstacles in its grid layout. Understanding this function is fundamental in Karel programming, as it establishes the basis for directing Karel's movements within the grid.